Irregular migrants and Syrian refugees are confronted with numerous integration barriers, mainly restricted legal pathways, costly residency procedures, abusive sponsorship systems and a lack of livelihood opportunities. Smuggling has been on the rise since the closure of the Syrian– Lebanese border in 2015. This paper will therefore examine the vulnerability of Jean-Christophe Krafft and Adrian Leverkühn's music in Jean-Christophe and Doctor Faustus with the aim of elucidating both novels’ major themes and characters and their authors’ broader philosophical and artistic preoccupations.ĭespite the 2011 adoption of a law criminalising trafficking in human beings, forced labour and sex trafficking in Lebanon continue to present a serious risk to all vulnerable groups, especially migrants and refugees. Mann, building on Nietzsche’s notion of the affirmative relationship between art and life, probes the vulnerability of music itself, and by implication the vulnerability of liberal humanism as it descends into an era of barbarism in Germany. Rolland explores the vulnerability of musical genius when stifled by hardship, personal tragedy and intense human suffering. Music’s ineffability however brings it into a relationship with vulnerability. In so doing, they entwine the fate of humanity with art, the pinnacle of which for both is represented by German music. Rolland and Mann, in telling the tumultuous story of their age, make the protagonists of their respective novels, Jean-Christophe and Doctor Faustus, composers. Stefan Zweig, in his biography of Rolland, called music 'the wordless speech of humanity'.

Romain rolland peter a lucia pdf